2015 - WAEC Government Past Questions and Answers - page 2

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government in which a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. There is separation of power where one arm of government checks the other arm.

Confederal system is a system of organisation in which there is a union of states with each member state retaining some independent control over both internal and external affairs. The component units that make up the confederation are stronger than the center

Concurrent power is a political power independently exercisable by both federal and state governments in the same field of legislation.

Prerogative powers were formerly exercised by the monarch acting on his or her own initiative. Since the 19th century, by convention, the advice of the prime minister or the cabinet—who are then accountable to Parliament for the decision—has been required in order for the prerogative to be exercised.

A major advantage of a unicameral system is that laws can be passed more efficiently. A unicameral system may be able to pass legislation too easily, however, and a proposed law that the ruling class supports may be passed even if the majority of citizens do not support it.

Citizen; is a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.

One of the conditions of granting citizenship to a foreigner is that the person must take the Oath of Allegiance prescribed in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution.

Types of citizenship

• Citizenship by Birth. This is for those who were born in Nigeria. Although being born in Nigeria does not automatically confer Nigerian citizenship.
• Citizenship by Descent; This means at least one of the parents of the person is a Nigerian even if the person was born outside of Nigeria
• Citizenship by Registration; This type of citizenship can be obtained by any of the following persons:
  - A foreign woman married to a Nigerian man.
  - Anyone who is of age (17) born outside of the country whose either one or both grandparents is or was a citizen of Nigeria.
  - A foreign child adopted by Nigerian parents. 
• Citizenship by Naturalisation; Anyone who is of full age and has lived in Nigeria for at least fifteen years and has intentions to continue residing in Nigeria. Such person must be familiar with the customs and language of Nigeria and must be able to support himself/herself. 

Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a country on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction.