Programming Language II - SS1 ICT Past Questions and Answers - page 2

A programming language is a formal system used by programmers to give instructions to computers. It consists of a set of rules, syntax, and semantics that enable humans to communicate with machines. Programming languages play a crucial role in translating human-readable code into machine-executable instructions, allowing developers to create software, applications, and other digital solutions.

The choice of a programming language for a software project is influenced by various factors, including the project's requirements, the intended platform, developer familiarity and expertise, performance needs, available libraries and frameworks, community support, and future scalability. The decision often involves considering trade-offs between factors like development speed, maintenance, and efficiency.

• Low-level languages: These languages are closely tied to machine architecture and provide fine-grained control over hardware resources. Examples include Assembly language and Machine code. They require deep understanding of computer architecture and are often used in system-level programming.
• Mid-level languages: Positioned between low-level and high-level languages, mid-level languages like C and C++ offer a balance between control and abstraction. They provide features for memory management and manipulation, making them suitable for system and application development.
• High-level languages: High-level languages like Python, Java, and Ruby provide a higher level of abstraction, focusing on developer productivity. They abstract complex tasks, making them easier to understand and write. These languages are well-suited for web development, data analysis, and general-purpose programming.

Scripting languages are designed for automating tasks and quick development. They often prioritize ease of use and rapid prototyping over performance. Popular scripting languages include Python, JavaScript, and Ruby. Python is commonly used for data analysis and automation. JavaScript is essential for web development, enabling interactive website elements. Ruby is often used for web development and scripting tasks, known for its elegant syntax and simplicity.

Scripting languages are designed for automating tasks and quick development. They often prioritize ease of use and rapid prototyping over performance. Popular scripting languages include Python, JavaScript, and Ruby. Python is commonly used for data analysis and automation. JavaScript is essential for web development, enabling interactive website elements. Ruby is often used for web development and scripting tasks, known for its elegant syntax and simplicity.