Question on: JAMB Chemistry - 2024
The ions responsible for permanent hardness in water are sulphates of
A
Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺
B
Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺
C
Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺
D
Na⁺ and Ca²⁺
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Correct Option: B
Permanent hardness in water is caused by the presence of dissolved minerals, specifically the sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions do not precipitate out upon boiling, hence the term 'permanent' hardness.
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